Within vertebrates, major sex determining genes can differ among taxa and even within species.In zebrafish (Danio rerio), neither heteromorphic sex chromosomes nor single sex determination genes of large effect, like Sry in mammals, have yet been identified.Furthermore, environmental factors can influence zebrafish sex determination.Although progre
We report mortality events in a group of 123 common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) captured in México and housed for a rabies vaccine efficacy study in Throat Spray Madison, Wisconsin.Bat mortalities occurred in México and Wisconsin, but rabies cases reported herein are only those that occurred after arrival in Madison (n = 15).Bats wer
Rapid detection of bacterial pathogens is essential for food safety and public health, yet bacteria can evade detection by entering a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state under sublethal stress, such as antimicrobial residues.These bacteria remain active but undetectable by standard culture-based methods without extensive enrichment, necessitating
Background: Oral cancer is a highly lethal and disfiguring disease.Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity constitutes about 90% of all oral malignancies.The aims of the study was to achieve an epidemiological description of Mud Masks the oral squamous cell carcinoma in Iraq in general and in Iraqi governorates except Kurdistan region retrospect